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Monday, October 27, 2014

What is the difference between workgroup & domain?

What is the difference between workgroup & domain?

Computers on a network can be part of a Homegroup, workgroup or a domain. The main difference between workgroups and domains is how resources on the network are managed. Computers on home networks are usually part of a workgroup, and computers on workplace networks are usually part of a domain.

In a workgroup:

· All computers are peers; no computer has control over another computer, only the shared resources can be accessed through network.

· Each computer has a set of user accounts. To use any computer in the workgroup, you must have an account on that computer and computers must be connected to a single source of network.

· There might be 20 or 40 or more computers in a work as it depends on the size of your work environment.

· All computers must be on the same local network or subnet.

In a domain:

· One or more computers might be servers. Network administrators use servers to control the security and permissions for all computers on the domain. This makes it easy to make changes because the changes are automatically made to all computers.

· If you have a user account on the domain, you can log on to any computer on the domain without needing an account on that computer.

· There can be hundreds or thousands of computers.

· The computers can be on different local networks.

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OTHER PC SHUTDOWN ISSUES & HINTS...

OTHER PC SHUTDOWN ISSUES & HINTS...

BIOS UPGRADE.
UNSIGNED DEVICE DRIVERS.
PROGRAMS HANG / BECOME UNRESPONSIVE. Sometimes programs don’t close down correctly, or hang for some other reason during the Windows shutdown process. This freezes up, or at least significantly delays, Windows shutdown.
QUICK-SWITCHING USER ACCOUNTS.
USING SHUTDOWN SCRIPTS & 802.1x AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOL. This combination can cause Windows to take in excess of 10 minutes to shutdown normally.
MISMATCHED RAM.
SHUTDOWN PROBLEMS IN WINDOWS 9x.

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PC POWER DOWN ISSUES

POWER DOWN ISSUES

“Power down issues” is quite distinctive from “shutdown issues.” The computer may not power down correctly. This is a different problem, and I encourage people reporting these issues to make a clear distinction in their labeling.

When Windows won’t power down automatically, the APM/NT Legacy Power Node may not be enabled. To enable this, right-click on the My Computer icon, click Properties | Hardware | Device Manager | View. Check the box labeled “Show Hidden Devices.” If it’s available on your computer, there will be a red X on the APM/NT Legacy Node. Try enabling it and see if this resolves the power down problem. However, other factors can sometimes interfere with correct power down functioning. In that case, consider the following steps:

If you change the default power settings in the BIOS, it can lead to a power down problem. Restoring all BIOS power settings to default will likely fix it.
Sometimes, not all appropriate Registry settings are made when you enable all the right power management settings in Windows.
Restore Power Option Settings to its default.
Try to replace you SMPS, the Power Supply in a desktop PC.

SHUTDOWN WORKS, BUT IT’S REALLY SLOW

SHUTDOWN WORKS, BUT IT’S REALLY SLOW

If it appears that Windows is not shutting down, give it some time. Some users report a minute or longer for shutdown to visibly start. Generally, this is a consequence of software that is running when shutdown is attempted. It also may have something to do with particular hardware. If you experience this problem, be sure to close all running programs before attempting shutdown and see if this solves your problem. If so, then you can determine, by trial and error, which program(s) are involved.
Solution: Got to Control Panel | Administrative Tools | Services, stop the Nvidia Driver Helper service. (You can also get this by launching SERVICES.MSC from a Run box.)
Disable Terminal Services, Please note that Terminal Services is required in Windows for running Remote Assistance, Fast User Switching, and Remote Desktop.
The Group Policy Editor has a security option to clear the page file at system shutdown. The same setting also forces the hibernation file to be wiped at shutdown. These processes take long enough that users may think that shutdown has hung. To change the setting, click Start | Run, type GPEDIT.MSC, click OK. Drill down to Computer Configuration | Windows Settings | Security Settings | Local Policies | Security Options. In the right pane, find “Shutdown: Clear virtual memory pagefile.” NOTE: Since someone actually has to have set this policy, the problem will be pretty rare, but is worth mentioning. The personal security app Privacy Eraser automatically enables “Clear virtual memory pagefile,” and, therefore, may be the cause of a slow shutdown.
You may also disable 'Page Files' by accessing System Properties | Advance | Settings | Advance | Change and then select the radio button 'No Page Files'
Run a Disk Clean up and select the check box Clear memory dump and error checking logs. It will help you to clear system event logs.
In a domain environment, don’t forget to check any logoff scripts you are pushing. These can be a source of slow or hanging shutdown processes. A related cause of slow shutdowns is offline synchronization of data, which is increasingly common with mobile computing, but is usually much more obvious to the end-user.

“STOP” ERROR MESSAGES AT SHUTDOWN

“STOP” ERROR MESSAGES AT SHUTDOWN

Some users, when attempting either to shutdown or restart Win XP & 7, get an error message similar to the following: STOP 0x0000009F: DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE

Stop Messages literally means that Windows has stopped. (Which isn't the same as saying it has shutdown!) STOP messages are identified by an 8-digit hexadecimal number, but also commonly written in a shorthand notation; e.g., a STOP 0x0000000A may also be written Stop 0xA.)

Stop 0x9F and Stop 0x8E are two of the most common of these at shutdown, and generally point to a bad driver. Stop 0x7B on restarting means Windows lost access to the system partition or boot volume during the startup process, due to a bad device driver, boot sector virus, resource conflict, boot volume corruption.

Stop 0xC000021A can when on restart after a system administrator has modified permissions so that the SYSTEM account no longer has adequate permissions to access system files and folders.

You may follow these steps to resolve these problems:

Restart the computer. Press F8 during the restart and select “Last Known Good Configuration.” If you catch the problem when it first occurs (meaning you likely have installed only one or two drivers or new service), this will return you to a previous working condition. System Restore provides an alternate approach, especially if you need to go back further than the last known good configuration, and Device Manager provides a tool for rolling back to an earlier driver.

MISC. HARDWARE ISSUES ISSUES THAT MIGHT CAUSE AN UNEXPECTED SHUTDOWN OR RESTART.

MISC. HARDWARE ISSUES ISSUES THAT MIGHT CAUSE AN UNEXPECTED SHUTDOWN OR RESTART.

In addition to hardware issues mentioned by users, Here’s what they have reported:

CD-ROM DRIVE:
DVD-RW DRIVE:
MODEMS:

MOTHERBOARDS:

MOUSE:
VIDEO CARDS:
USB Devices.
USB: Keyboard or Mouse + Selective Suspend.
USB: Media Combo Digital Film Reader (USB).

SHUTDOWN HANGS ON “SAVING YOUR SETTINGS”

SHUTDOWN HANGS ON “SAVING YOUR SETTINGS”

During shutdown or reboot, Windows 7 may hang (stop responding) at the “Windows is Shutting down” screen. During such a hang, there is no response to Ctrl+Alt+Del; the mouse may or may not work. The problem may be intermittent.

This is a known bug in Windows XP and 7, for which Microsoft has few supported fixes. This is caused by some unresponsive programs or services running in computer memory in background. And the windows shutdown service is unable to close or end those programs that causes a unnecessary delay in shutdown or restart. You may remove some unwanted start up programs, remove autoruns and auto program updates and scheduled tasks etc. Also you should turn off Bit torrent clients etc.